Nneɛma a wɔde dannan nneɛma
TL;DR
- Turnstile yɛ ɔmanfo akontaabu mmara a ɛkyerɛ bo dodow a ɛkɔ mu na efi ɔtare biara a wɔabɔ ho ban mu
- Ɛma obiara hu sɛ ɔtare bi ntua sika a ɛboro nea wɔde guu mu no da, ɛwom mpo sɛ nnwuma a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ kokoam de
- Eyi bɔ ZEC a wɔde ma no ho ban fi mmoawa a wɔde asie ho, efisɛ sika a ɛnyɛ nokware ntumi mfi ɔtare bi mu a ɛremmu akontaabu no mu
- Ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛmma kokoam nsɛm nyɛ mmerɛw, efisɛ pool totals nkutoo na ɛyɛ ɔmanfo de, ɛnyɛ ankorankoro nkitahodi da
- Turnstile no ne nea enti a Orchard to Ironwood atutra no betumi akyerɛ sɛ shielded supply no yɛ papa
Hena na eyi yɛ ma no
- Obiara a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔte sɛnea Zcash ma ne kokoam nneɛma kɔ so yɛ nea wotumi de ho to so ase
- Wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no di Orchard to Ironwood atutra akyi na wosusuw sɛnea ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔde ma no yɛ nokware no ho
- Wɔn a wɔaba foforo no pɛ sɛ wohu sɛnea wobetumi akɔ so ayɛ ankorankoro sikasɛm nhyehyɛe bi ho akontaabu
Asɛnnennen no
Shielded Zcash de sika dodoɔ, wɔn a wɔde kɔma, ne wɔn a wɔgye no sie. Saa kokoam nsɛm no ne asɛm no. Nanso ɛma asɛmmisa a emu yɛ den sɔre: sɛ obiara ntumi nhu ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban no mu a, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na obi ahu sɛ ZEC dodow no nyinaa teɛ? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ sika a wuntumi nhu?
Sɛ bɔne bi ma obi ma ɔyɛ sika wɔ ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban mu da bi a, anka kokoamsɛm koro no ara a ɛbɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma nokwaredifo ho ban no de atoro no besie. Sɛ ahobammɔ biara nni hɔ a, anka saa adwenem naayɛ no bɛsɛe ahotoso a wɔwɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde ma no nyinaa mu. Turnstile no ne ahobammɔ a edi eyi ho dwuma.
Nea turnstile no yɛ
Fa ɔtare biara a wɔabɔ ho ban sɛ ɔdan a ɔpon biako a wɔakan wom. Bere biara a value befi abɔnten akɔ ɔtare no mu, anaasɛ ebefi hɔ akɔ baabi foforo no, ɛfa ɔpon no ano na wɔkan wɔ baguam. Nkitahodi a ɛwɔ dan no mu no tra hɔ kokoam, nanso sika a wɔde tu mmirika wɔ ɔpon no ano no yɛ nea obiara hu.
Mmara no yɛ mmerɛw: pool ntumi mma bo pii nkɔ mu da sen nea akɔ mu Nodes pow block biara a ɛbɛpia pool bi kari pɛ akɔ fam zero. Wonim sika dodow a wogye di sɛ ɛwɔ ɔtare bi mu bere nyinaa, efisɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛkɔɔ mu nyinaa a wɔayi ne nyinaa a ɛkɔɔ mu no afi mu ara kwa. Saa baguam akontaabu yi ne turnstile.
Sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma
Zcash wɔ atare pii a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ n’abakɔsɛm mu, te sɛ Sprout, Sapling, ne Orchard. Botae kɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛda adi pefee ne saa atare yi ntam, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkɔ atare no ankasa ntam. Turstile no hwɛ saa kankyee ahorow no:
- Sɛ ZEC tu kɔ ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban mu a, wɔde sika no ka saa ɔtare no ɔmanfo sika ho
- Sɛ ZEC tu fi ɔtare bi mu a, woyi dodow no fi mu
- Network no pow block biara a ɛbɛma pool bi balance akɔ negative, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ pii aka sen bere biara a wɔahyɛ mu
- Ankorankoro shielded nkitahodi tra kokoam koraa, pool totals nkutoo na ɛyɛ baguam
Netwɛk no di kari pɛ akyi ma botaeɛ kuo biara wɔ saa kwan yi so, a Sprout, Sapling, Orchard, Ironwood pool foforɔ no, ne transparent ne lockbox balances ka ho. Esiane eyi nti, sɛ wɔde ɔtare bi mu nneɛma pɔtee ahintaw mpo a, nea ɛkɔɔ mu no na ɛkata nea ɛsen biara a ebetumi afi adi da no so.
Sɛnea wɔhwɛ value balance
Nkontaabu a ɛwɔ ɔpon no ano no yɛ nea wotumi de ho to so nkutoo efisɛ wɔhyɛ atɔ biara ma ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛde sika a ɛyɛ nokware tu kɔɔ baabi foforo, ɛwom mpo sɛ sika no ankasa da so ara sie de. Aguadi biara a wɔabɔ ho ban tintim nɔma biako a ɛyɛ nokware: bo a ɛsom a ɛde kɔ anaa efi ɔtare no mu, a wɔfrɛ no ne bo a ɛkari pɛ. Botaeɛ pa a ɛkari pɛ kyerɛ sɛ sika a ɛfiri ɔtare no mu kɔɔ ɔfa a ɛda adi pefee no, bɔne kyerɛ sɛ sika a wɔde ahyɛ mu. Kokoam nsɛm no kɔ so yɛ nea wɔahyɛ no agyirae, nanso saa asau akontaabu biako yi yɛ ɔmanfo de, na ɛno ne nea turnstile no ka bom.
Ɔfã a ɛyɛ anifere ne sɛnea asɛm bi da no adi sɛ ɔmanfo nɔma di nokware a ɛnna kokoam sika a ɛwɔ akyi no adi. Ɛsono sɛnea wɔde afiri no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔtare biara mu, na eyi ne mfiri ankasa a wɔde yɛ turnstile no.
Wɔ Sprout pool a edi kan no mu no, asɛm biara de JoinSplit di dwuma. JoinSplit bi sɛe nkyerɛwde abien a ahintaw na ɛyɛ foforo abien, na ɛde ɔmanfo afuw abien: vpub_old, botae a ɛhyɛn ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban no mu fi ɔfã a ɛda adi no, ne vpub_new, botae a efi ɔtare no mu san kɔ ɔfã a ɛda adi no. Ɛsɛ sɛ JoinSplit biara kari pɛ wɔ n’ankasa so, na ne nimdeɛ adanse a ɛyɛ zero no hyɛ bɔ sɛ nsɛm a wɔde hyɛ mu a ahintaw ne nsɛm a wɔde fi adi a ahintaw no ka bom yiye. Sprout pool balance no yɛ running total a ɛyɛ vpub_old nyinaa a wɔayi vpub_new nyinaa afi mu wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no nyinaa mu ara kwa. Wei nti na Sprout yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a mfasoɔ wɔ so akyiri yi: ɛfiri sɛ vpub_old ne ɔkwan baako pɛ a boɔ bɛtumi afa so akɔ pool no mu, mmara baako a ɛdum no bɛtumi asɔ pool no ano yie.
Wɔ Sapling, Orchard, ne Ironwood mu no, wɔada no adi sɛ kari pɛ yɛ ɔkwan a nyansa wom, na wɔde nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛkyekyere di dwuma. Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛkari pɛ wɔ transfer biara mu nkutoo no, asɛm no nyinaa de ne ho to sika biara a ahintaw so denam bo a wɔde ahyɛ bɔ so. Botaeɛ bɔhyɛ yɛ envelope a wɔatoto mu ama nɔma bi, a wɔde homomorphic Pedersen commitment asisi, a ɛwɔ agyapadeɛ soronko: wɔbɛtumi de envelopes no aka ho na wɔayi afiri mu a wɔremmue. Netwɛk no ka input commitments nyinaa bom, yi output commitments nyinaa fi mu, na ɛde nea efi mu ba no toto transaction no net figure biako a wɔabɔ ho dawuru, ne valueBalance field no ho. Aguadi a ne sika a ahintaw no ne saa ɔmanfo valueBalance no hyia ankasa nkutoo na ebetumi ama nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛfata a ɛkyekyere wɔ bɔhyɛ ahorow a wɔaka abom no so. Sɛ obi bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛma bo a ɛsom kɛse asen nea wɔpae mu kaa no akɔ baabi foforo a, na bɔhyɛ ahorow no renka ho, na nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛkyekyere no no renkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware, na wɔbɛpow asɛm no. Ironwood de Orchard protocol koro no ara di dwuma, enti ɛyɛ adwuma ɔkwan koro no ara so.
Eyi nso ne nea ɛma cross-pool transfer yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom sɛ wobɛhwɛ. Sɛ sika fi ɔtare biako a wɔabɔ ho ban mu kɔ foforo mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, efi Orchard kɔ Ironwood a, asɛm no ntumi mfa sika dodow no nsie akontaabu no. Ɔtare biara wɔ n’ankasa bo a ɛkari pɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde n’ankasa adanse di ho dwuma: ɛsɛ sɛ Orchard fã no kyerɛ nsu a ɛsen a ɛne no hyia denam ne nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛkyekyere so, na ɛsɛ sɛ Ironwood fã no kyerɛ nsu a ɛba a ɛne no hyia no denam n’ankasa de so. Botae a efi ɔtare biako mu ne bo a ɛkɔ ɔfoforo no mu biara yɛ nea wɔada no adi wɔ ahofadi mu, enti cross-pool move yɛ ankasa turnstile crossings abien a ɛkɔ so wɔ asɛm biako mu, biako fi adi, biako kɔ mu, na wɔkan abien no nyinaa wɔ baguam ɛwom mpo sɛ sika a ɛwɔ ase no tra kokoam de.
Enti turnstile no nyɛ ahotoso. Adwuma biara de akontabuo di n’ankasa net effect ho adanseɛ, network no bɔ saa net effects a wɔada no adi no bom wɔ pool biara mu, na mmara a wɔpene so (ZIP 209) pow block biara a ɛbɛma pool bi balance negative. Adanse wɔ asɛmdi gyinabea, enforcement wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn gyinabea.
Nea enti a ɛho hia
Turnstile no ma Zcash nneɛma abiɛsa prɛko pɛ.
Nea edi kan no, ɛkyekyɛ asiane mu. Cryptographic bug a ɛwɔ ɔtare baako mu no wɔ saa ɔtare no mu, ɛfiri sɛ turnstile no gyae forged value sɛ ɛbɛtwa akɔ supply a ɛtrɛ no mu.
Nea ɛto so abien no, ɛma mpɔtam hɔfo hwɛ nneɛma a wɔde ma no ho adanse wɔ wɔn akyi hwɛ mu. Sɛ akyiri yi wohu bɔne bi a, turnstile kyerɛwtohɔ no kyerɛ sɛ ebia bo a ɛsom pii fii ɔtare bi mu pɛn sen nea ɛhyɛn mu. Kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛho tew yɛ adanse a emu yɛ den a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔamfa atoro nneɛma biara nni dwuma.
Nea ɛto so abiɛsa no, ɛkora kokoam nsɛm so bere a ɛreyɛ eyinom nyinaa no. Pool-level totals nkutoo na ɛyɛ ɔmanfo de. W’ankorankoro nnwuma da so ara yɛ nea wɔabɔ ho ban. Auditability ne privacy bom tra, a ɛyɛ soronko na ɛyɛ Zcash ahoɔden a ɛyɛ komm no mu biako.
Turnstile a ɛreyɛ adwuma
Turnstile no nyɛ foforo, na wɔde adi dwuma wɔ mmere atitiriw mu wɔ Zcash abakɔsɛm mu.
Bere a Zcash fii Sprout ɔtare a edi kan no mu kɔɔ Sapling ɔtare foforo no mu no, turnstile no wɛn nsakrae no. Akyiri yi wɔbaraa Sprout pool no enti entumi nnya sika foforo a ɛbae, a ɛhyɛɛ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no nkuran sɛ wontu bere a turnstile no maa akontaabu no kɔɔ so dii nokware. Mfe bi akyi no, nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ mfaso biara nni hɔ a ennyaw Sprout wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so da no gyina hɔ sɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔamfa ne mfitiase cryptography no anni dwuma yiye da.
Mprempren adwini koro no ara na ɛwɛn tu a wobetu afi Orchard akɔ Ironwood no. Wɔ afe 2026 mu no, wɔhunuu soundness bug bi na wɔde patch hyɛɛ Orchard proving system no mu. Adanse biara nni hɔ sɛ wɔde dii dwuma da, nanso esiane sɛ dwumadi a wɔabɔ ho ban yɛ kokoam nti, na wontumi nnya awerɛhyem. Mmuae no ne sɛ wɔbɛsɔ Orchard ɔtare dedaw no ano na wɔama obiara atu ne sika afa turnstile no mu akɔ Ironwood, ɔtare foforo a wɔde protocol a wɔateɛteɛ no di dwuma. Sika a wɔhyɛ ma fa turnstile no kyerɛ sɛ sika biara a ɛyɛ atoro a wosusuw sɛ wobegyaw wɔ akyi no ntumi nni akyi, na sɛ atutra wie a, obiara betumi asi so dua sɛ sika a wɔabɔ ho ban no yɛ nea ɛfata.
Ɔkwan biako so pool deprecation
Turstile no ma wotumi de ɔtare dedaw bi kɔ pɛnhyen dwoodwoo, wɔ ɔkwan biako pɛ so, a wonsɛe nneɛma a wɔde bɛma ho bɔhyɛ no da. Afiri no ne sɛ wobɛto ɔkwan a wɔfa so kɔ mu no mu bere a wogyaw ɔkwan a wɔfa so fi adi no mu no.
Sprout ne nhwɛso a emu da hɔ sen biara. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛpow no, ZIP 211 de mmara biako a wɔpene so kaa ho: efi ne dwumadie sorokɔ so no, ɛsɛ sɛ vpub_old field a ɛwɔ JoinSplit biara mu no yɛ zero. Esiane sɛ vpub_old ne ɔkwan biako pɛ a botae betumi afa so akɔ Sprout mu nti, sɛ wɔhyɛ no ma ɛkɔ zero a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ botae foforo biara rentumi nkɔ mu bio, bere a botae da so ara tumi sen kɔ ɔfã a ɛda adi no anaasɛ ɛkɔ so kɔ Sapling. Ɔtare no bɛyɛɛ ɔkwan biako so. Etumi ma nsuo nkɔ mu nko, ɛnhyɛ ma da. Turnstile no kɔ so kan bere no nyinaa, enti sika a aka no betumi akɔ fam bere a sika no kɔ nanso entumi nkɔ soro da, na entumi nkɔ nea enye da.
Orchard to Ironwood atutra no de adwene koro no ara di dwuma. Wɔ NU6.3 nkɔsoɔ no mu no, wɔato Orchard pool no mu ama nnipa foforɔ a wɔbɛba, na wɔkyerɛ sika kotokuo sɛ wɔmfa Orchard sika nkɔfa turnstile no mu nkɔ Ironwood pool foforɔ no mu. Nnua turo bɛyɛ ɔtare a ɛkɔ ɔkwan biako so a ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛda mpan nkutoo. Esiane sɛ ɔkwan biara a wɔfa so fi adi no yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so twa kwan a ɛdannan a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi ho adanse nti, atoro bo biara a wosusuw sɛ wɔagyaw wɔ Orchard no ntumi nni sika a ɛyɛ nokwaredi no akyi komm. Ɛde akɔhyɛ ɔtare bi a nsu a ɛkɔ mu nkutoo mu na wɔhwɛ no wɔ ɔpon no ano. Bere kɔ so no eyi ma ɔtare dedaw no kɔ baabi a hwee nni hɔ na ɛma obiara si so dua sɛ bo a epuei no ansen bo a efii mu bae no da.
Eyi ne ade a emu dɔ nti a turnstile no ho hia sen akontaabu a ɛnyɛ den. Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛma Zcash bu ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban no animtiaa, sɛ́ ebia ɛbɛtew nsɛnnennen so sɛnea ɛte wɔ Sprout ho no, anaasɛ ɛbɛsan anya ahoɔden afi bɔne bi a wɔahu mu sɛnea ɛte wɔ Orchard ho no, bere a ɛkora awerɛhyem a ɛkɔ so, baguam, a wotumi di ho adanse wɔ nneɛma a wɔde ma ho no so.
Adwene a ɛnteɛ a wɔtaa nya
- Turnstile no nkyerɛ wo nnwuma. Ɛkan pool totals nkutoo, ɛnyɛ nea ɔde nea ɔde kɔmaa hena
- Ɛnkyere atorofo bi din. Ɛka dodow a ebetumi agyaw ɔtare bi ho, na ɛno ne nea ɛbɔ nneɛma a wɔde ma no ho ban
- Ɛnyɛ ade foforo a Ironwood ayɛ. Ɛwɛn shielded pool nsakrae titiriw biara wɔ Zcash abakɔsɛm mu
- Ɔmanfo pool total mma kokoam nsɛm nyɛ mmerɛw. Kokoamsɛm no wɔ nnwuma a ɛwɔ ɔtare no mu, a ɛkɔ so sie no mu
Akadeɛ
- ZIP 209: Bara Out-of-Range Chain Value Pool Kari pɛ - a wogye tom mmara a ewo turnstile no akyi
- ZIP 211: Botae Foforo a Wɔde Ka Sprout Nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn Botae Pool no a Wɔbɛma ayɛ adwuma - sedee wotoo Sprout pool no mu maa deposite foforo
- ZIP 258: NU6.3 - upgrade a ɛde Ironwood pool no ba na ɛkyerɛ boɔ kwan fa turnstile no so
- Turnstile Enforcement a Wɔde Tia Atoro Atoro - mfitiaseɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛfiri Electric Coin Company hɔ
- Zcash Protocol no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu - hwɛ nkyekyɛmu a ɛfa balance ne binding signature ho ma nsɛm no nyinaa
- Value Pools, the Zebra Book - sedee node bi di pool biara value balance akyi
Nkratafa a ɛfa ho
