Heartwood
Heartwood kɔɔ so yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Zcash mainnet so wɔ block 903,000 (July 16, 2020 UTC).
Nea wobɛfa akɔ: sɛnea Heartwood ma wɔn a wotu fam no nya wɔn block akatua no tẽẽ kɔ address ahorow a wɔabɔ ho ban mu, ne sɛnea ɛmaa Zcash adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no tumi hwɛɛ mu denam adetɔfo a wɔn mu yɛ hare so.
Heartwood yɛ Zcash a ɛyɛ adwuma network upgrade a wɔde yɛ adwuma, consensus-rule hard fork a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ ne deployment mu wɔ ZIP 250 na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɛboaboaa nsakrae abien a wɔayɛ wɔ nneɛma ho no bom: ZIP 213 na ɛwɔ hɔ (Shielded Coinbase) ne ZIP 221 na ɛwɔ hɔ (FlyClient) (FlyAdetɔfo). Heartwood yɛ Zcash network upgrade kɛseɛ a ɛtɔ so nnan, na wɔboom boaa no Electric Coin Company ne nea Zcash Foundation. Te sɛ Zcash upgrade biara no, ɛde consensus branch id foforo sii hɔ, tag a ɛma akwan abien replay ahobammɔ ma enti atɔ a wɔasi wɔ mmara foforo no ase no ntumi nsan nkɔbɔ wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn dedaw no so, ne nea ɛne no bɔ abira.
Heartwood yɛ adwuma wɔ block sorokɔ a wɔahyɛ (903,000), na ɛnyɛ dɔn bere pɔtee bi mu, enti simma pɔtee a wuhu wɔ dashboard so no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ beae biako akɔ foforo. Block no, ne bere no, yɛ ade koro.
Nea enti a eyi ho hia. Wɔn a wotu fam no nya ZEC a wɔayɛ no foforo bere biara a wobetu block bi. Ansa na Heartwood reba no, na ɛsɛ sɛ saa sika no kɔ address a ɛda adi pefee so, a ɛyɛ ɔmanfo de. Ná obiara betumi ahwɛ sika dodow a obi a otu fam nya ne baabi a sika no kɔ akyi. Heartwood ma saa akatua no kɔ address a wɔabɔ ho ban mu tẽẽ mmom, enti obi a wotu fam no akatua betumi akɔ so ayɛ kokoam. Ɛsan nso maa ɛyɛɛ yie sɛ sika kotoku a emu yɛ hare ne nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn afoforo bɛhwɛ Zcash adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔantwe nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no nyinaa.
Coinbase a wɔabɔ ho ban
Coinbase asɛm no yɛ asɛm titiriw a ɛtua block akatua. Ansa na Heartwood reba no, na ɛsɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ nea ɛda adi pefee, enti na obi a otu fam no ZEC a wɔayɛ no foforo no fi asetra ase bere nyinaa wɔ baguam kasa mu. Heartwood sesaa mmara a wɔpene so no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a, wɔ ZIP 213 nsɛm mu no, coinbase nkitahodi betumi akura Sapling outputs. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pefee a, mprempren wɔn a wotu fam no betumi anya akatua tẽẽ akɔ Sapling address ahorow a wɔabɔ ho ban so. Wɔda so ara boa coinbase outputs a ɛda adi pefee, enti eyi yɛ ɔkwan foforo, ɛnyɛ nsakrae a wɔhyɛ.
Nea enti a Sapling di kan
Shielded coinbase de n’ani si Sapling outputs so pɔtee, na ntease bi wɔ hɔ a enti ɛte saa. ZIP 213 kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ Sapling nkɔsoɔ no de nsakraeɛ a ɛbaa adansiɛ mu ne adwumayɛ mu nkɔsoɔ a ɛmaa sika a wɔde bɛbɔ ho ban tẽẽ wɔ coinbase asɛm no mu no yɛɛ yie. Mfitiase Sprout shielded pool no yɛ nea egye nneɛma pii dodo sɛ ɛbɛbɔ ho ban wɔ coinbase no mu pɛɛ. Sapling nhyehyɛe a etu mpɔn kɛse a ɔde di adanse ne sɛnea ɔkyerɛw nsɛm no maa ɛyɛɛ nea mfaso wɔ so. Na Sapling ankasa atrɛw mmara dedaw a ɛbara shielded coinbase outputs no mu ma enti mmara no nso kata Sapling outputs ho, na Heartwood brɛ saa mmara no ase ma ɛma kwan. Ɛyɛ nhwɛsoɔ pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛdeɛ Zcash nkɔsoɔ no si wɔn ho wɔn ho so: nkɔsoɔ baako nsuo ho nhama bɛyɛ fapem ma deɛ ɛdi hɔ no.
FlyClient na ɛyɛ adwuma
Heartwood nso sesaa nea block header de ne ho to so. Wɔsan de header field a na wɔadi kan ato din hashFinalSaplingRoot no yɛɛ adwuma bio na wɔsesaa ne din yɛɛ no hashLightClientRoot. Mprempren ɛde ne ho to Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) ntini so, nhyehyɛe a ɛretu mmirika a wɔasi wɔ ti data ne metadata a ɛwɔ block ahorow a atwam no so, te sɛ bere nsɔano, ɔhaw botae ahorow, Sapling ntini, adwuma a wɔaboaboa ano, ne nkitahodi akontaabu. Saa bɔhyɛ no ma afɛfoɔ a ne ho yɛ hare, anaa abɔnten nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn, de adanseɛ ketewa bi a ne kɛseɛ nyin wɔ logarithmically nko ara ne nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no tenten di Zcash adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no ho adanseɛ. Akatua no yɛ light-client wallets a eye ne third-party ne cross-chain integration a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, efisɛ enhia bio sɛ client bi twe block biara na ama wanya adwuma a ɛwɔ chain no akyi no mu ahotoso.
Baabi a Heartwood fata
Heartwood yɛ anammɔn biako wɔ mmirikatu a Zcash nkɔso, biara de afã bi ka ho a nea edi hɔ no de ne ho to so. Overwinter ne Sapling baa afe 2018, Blossom baa afe 2019, na Heartwood baa afe 2020 wɔ block 903,000. Canopy dii akyire wɔ afe 2020 mu wɔ block 1,046,400. Sapling ne ade titiriw a ɛwɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn yi mu ma Heartwood: na ne shielded-transaction mfiri a etu mpɔn no ne mfiridwuma mu tebea a edi kan a ɛmaa shielded coinbase tumi yɛɛ yiye.
Nsɛmfua Nkyerɛase
| Asɛmfua | Plain-English asekyerɛ |
|---|
| Network upgrade (NU) | Nsakraeɛ a wɔayɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ Zcash mmara a wɔpene so, a wɔayɛ adwuma wɔ block height a wɔahyɛ |
| Coinbase transaction | Adwuma titiriw a ɛwɔ block biara mu a ɛtua block akatua |
| Shielded Sapling address | Zcash address type a ɛyɛ kokoam a Sapling upgrade |
| Shielded coinbase | Heartwood nsakrae a ɛma wotua block akatua kɔ shielded Sapling address ahorow mu |
| FlyClient | Ɔkwan a ɛma hann afɛfo de adanse nketewa di adanse-a-ɛyɛ adwuma ho adanse |
| Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) | Blok ahorow a atwam a block header no de ne ho to |
| Consensus branch id | Tag a ɛkyerɛ upgrade mmara a asɛm bi di akyi, a wɔde di dwuma ma replay ahobammɔ |
FAQ
So Heartwood sesa me ZEC anaa me kokoam nsɛm? Dabi, Heartwood amfa ne nsa anka sika a wowɔ dedaw no. Ɛde ɔkwan a wobetumi afa so ama wɔn a wotu fagude no anya akatua wɔ address ahorow a wɔabɔ ho ban mu ne mmoa a ɛkɔ anim ma wɔn a wɔyɛ hare no kaa ho. W’ankasa sika a aka ne nnwuma a wɔabɔ ho ban no nnya nkɛntɛnso biara.
Dɛn ne shielded coinbase? Coinbase no yɛ asɛm a ɛtua block akatua. Heartwood ma saa akatua no kɔ Sapling address a wɔabɔ ho ban mu sen sɛ ɛbɛkɔ nea ɛda adi pefee mu, enti sika a wotu fam no betumi akɔ so ayɛ kokoam.
So ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wotu fam no nya akatua a wɔabɔ ho ban mprempren? Dabi Shielded coinbase yɛ nea wobetumi apaw. Transparent coinbase outputs da so ara boa, enti miners betumi apaw emu biara.
Dɛn nti na shielded coinbase de Sapling di dwuma na ɛnyɛ Sprout pool dedaw no? Efisɛ Sapling nhyehyɛe a etu mpɔn kɛse no maa kyɛm a wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban tẽẽ wɔ coinbase no mu no yɛɛ nea mfaso wɔ so. Ná Sprout pool a edi kan no gye nneɛma pii dodo sɛ ɛbɛyɛ.
Dɛn na ɛsakrae maa wɔn a wɔkra nneɛma a emu yɛ hare no? Afei block header no de ne ho to Merkle Mountain Range so wɔ blocks a atwam no so denam hashLightClientRoot field no so. Ɛno ma light clients ne nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn afoforo de adanse nketewa a ne kɛse te sɛ logarithmic di Zcash adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no ho adanse sen sɛ wɔde nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no nyinaa bedi dwuma.
Sɔ wo ntease hwɛ
Ansa na Heartwood reba no, dɛn nti na block akatua a wotua ma obi a otu fam no daa ne ho adi wɔ baguam, na dɛn na Heartwood sesaa?
Answer
Na ɛsɛ sɛ Coinbase outputs yɛ nea ɛda adi pefee, enti bere nyinaa na obi a wotu fam akatua a wɔahyɛ no foforo no si baguam address a ɛda adi pefee a obiara betumi ahwɛ mu. Heartwood sesaa mmara a wɔpene so (ZIP 213) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a coinbase nkitahodi betumi akura Sapling outputs, ama wɔn a wotu fagude no nsa aka wɔn akatua tẽẽ akɔ address ahorow a wɔabɔ ho ban mu.
Akadeɛ
ZIP 250: Heartwood Network Upgrade no a wɔde bedi dwuma
ZIP 213: Coinbase a wɔabɔ ho ban
ZIP 221: FlyClient - Nsakraeɛ a ɛwɔ adwene a ɛwɔ mu-Layer
Heartwood network a wɔayɛ no foforo
Hwɛ nso
Zcash Network Nkɔsoɔ a Wɔayɛ
Atare a Wɔabɔ ho Ban
Sika kotoku
zk-SNARKs NKYERƐKYERƐMU
Electric Coin Company
Zcash Foundation
Ntoatoasoɔ: Network Upgrades ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu · Dada: Blossom · Deɛ ɛdi hɔ: Canopy
