Heartwood
Heartwood gara ndụ na Zcash mainnet na ngọngọ 903,000 (July 16, 2020 UTC).
Ihe ị ga-ewepụ: otu Heartwood si eme ka ndị na-egwu akụ nweta ụgwọ ọrụ ha ozugbo n'ime adreesị echedoro, yana etu o siri mee ka ihe akaebe nke Zcash rụọ ọrụ site na ndị ahịa dị mfe.
Heartwood bụ Zcash. nkwalite netwọkụ., a nkwekọrịta-iwu ike ndụdụ onye deployment na-kọwaa n'ime ZIP 250 Ụlọ ọrụỌ na-agbakọta mgbanwe abụọ: ZIP 213 (mkpọka) (Shielded Coinbase) na ZIP 221 (mkpọka) (FlyClient). Heartwood bụ nke anọ Zcash isi netwọk nweta nkwalite, na ọ e jikotara aka wee kwadoo site n'aka ndị ọrụ. Electric Coin Company na ndị ọzọ. Zcash FoundationDị ka mmelite Zcash ọ bụla, o setịpụrụ ngalaba nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ nke otu ụdị ahụ, mkpado na-enye nchebe abụọ maka ịmegharị ihe n'ụzọ dị otú a enweghị ike ịme azụmahịa e wuru n'okpuru iwu ndị ọhụrụ na agbụ ochie.
Heartwood na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe e debere ya (903,000), ọ bụghị mgbe a kara aka, nke mere ka nkeji ị hụrụ kpọmkwem ná bọọdụ ụgbọala nwere ike ịdịtụ iche site n'otu ebe gaa n'ọzọ. Ebe ahụ dị otú o kwesịrị ịbụ.
Why this matters. Miners earn newly minted ZEC every time they mine a block. Before Heartwood, that income had to land in a transparent address, which is public. Anyone could watch how much a miner earned and where the coins went next. Heartwood let that reward go straight into a shielded address instead, so a miner's pay can stay private. It also made it possible for lightweight wallets and other chains to check Zcash's proof-of-work without downloading the whole chain.
A na-echebe mkpụrụ ego ahụ.
The coinbase transaction is the special transaction that pays out a block reward. Before Heartwood, its outputs had to be transparent, so a miner's freshly minted ZEC always started life in a public address. Heartwood changed the consensus rules so that, in the words of ZIP 213, coinbase transactions may contain Sapling outputs. In plain terms, miners can now receive rewards directly into shielded Sapling addresses. Transparent coinbase outputs are still supported, so this is a new option, not a forced change.
Ihe Mere E Ji Bu ụzọ Kụọ Osisi Sapling
Shielded coinbase targets Sapling outputs specifically, and there is a reason for that. ZIP 213 explains that the Sapling upgrade brought architectural changes and performance improvements that made shielding funds directly in the coinbase transaction feasible. The original Sprout shielded pool was too resource-intensive to shield right in the coinbase. Sapling's more efficient proving system and note format made it practical. Sapling had itself extended the older rule that barred shielded coinbase outputs so that the rule also covered Sapling outputs, and Heartwood relaxes that rule to permit them. It is a good example of how Zcash upgrades build on each other: one upgrade's plumbing becomes the foundation for the next.
FlyClient (Nkeji edemede)
Heartwood also changed what a block header commits to. The header field previously named hashFinalSaplingRoot was repurposed and renamed to hashLightClientRoot. It now commits to the root of a Merkle Mountain Range (MMR), a running structure built over the header data and metadata of prior blocks, such as timestamps, difficulty targets, Sapling roots, accumulated work, and transaction counts. That commitment lets a light client, or an outside chain, verify Zcash's proof-of-work using a small proof whose size grows only logarithmically with the length of the chain. The payoff is better light-client wallets and easier third-party and cross-chain integration, because a client no longer has to download every block to trust the work behind the chain.
Ebe Heartwood dabara adaba
Heartwood is one step in a run of Zcash upgrades, each adding a piece the next one relies on. Overwinter and Sapling arrived in 2018, Blossom in 2019, and Heartwood in 2020 at block 903,000. Canopy followed later in 2020 at block 1,046,400. Sapling is the key link in this chain for Heartwood: its efficient shielded-transaction machinery was the technical precondition that made shielded coinbase possible.
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
| Oge okwu | Nkọwa Bekee dị mfe |
|---|
| Network upgrade (NU) | Mgbanwe nhazi na iwu nkwekọrịta Zcash's, nke a na-arụ ọrụ na elu blọk edobere |
| Coinbase transaction | Azụmahịa pụrụ iche dị na ngọngọ ọ bụla nke na-akwụ ụgwọ ngọngọ ahụ |
| Shielded Sapling address | Ụdị adreesị Zcash nkeonwe nke mmelite Sapling webatara |
| Shielded coinbase | Mgbanwe Heartwood nke na-ekwe ka a kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ ngọngọ n'ime adreesị Sapling echekwara |
| FlyClient | Ụzọ nke na-enye ndị ahịa ìhè ohere iji obere ihe akaebe chọpụta ihe akaebe nke ọrụ |
| Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) | Nchịkọta na-agba ọsọ nke blọk ndị gara aga nke isi blọk ahụ na-eme |
| Consensus branch id | Akara ngosi nke na-akọwa iwu nkwalite azụmahịa na-eso, nke ejiri maka nchekwa replay |
Ajụjụ ndị a na-ajụkarị
Ọ na-agbanwe ZEC m ma ọ bụ nzuzo m? Mba. Heartwood emetụghị ego gị dị ugbu a aka. O gbakwunyere nhọrọ maka ndị ọrụ igwupụta akụ iji nweta ụgwọ ọrụ n'ime adreesị echedoro yana nkwado ka mma maka ndị ahịa ọkụ. Akaụntụ nke onwe gị na azụmahịa ezoro ezo adịghị emetụta ya. N'ihi ya, ị nwere ike ịnweta akaụntụ ọhụrụ site na itinye akwụkwọ ozi email mgbe niile.
Kedu ihe bụ mkpuchi coinbase? Mkpụrụ ego ahụ bụ azụmahịa nke na-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ. Heartwood ka onyinye ahụ gaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba Sapling echedoro kama ịpụta ìhè, yabụ ego ndị omimi nwere ike ịnọ onwe ha.
Ndi oru ugbo kwesiri inweta ihe nrite ndi ozo? Mba. Ihe eji eme ka ego di iche bu nhọrọ. A na-akwado mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ego doro anya, ya mere ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịhọrọ ma ọ bụ.
Gịnị mere na-echebe coinbase iji Sapling ma ọ bụghị ndị okenye Sprout ọdọ mmiri? N'ihi na Sapling si ọzọ oru oma imewe mere echebe kpọmkwem na coinbase bara uru. The mbụ sprout ọdọ ọkụ bụ oke akụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mee ya.
What changed for light clients? The block header now commits to a Merkle Mountain Range over past blocks through the hashLightClientRoot field. That lets light clients and other chains verify Zcash's proof-of-work with small, logarithmic-size proofs instead of the whole chain.
Nwalee nghọta gị .
Tupu Heartwood, gịnị mere ụgwọ ọrụ a kwụrụ onye na-egwu akụ ji pụta n'ihu ọha ma ihe bụ mgbanwe nke Heartwood?
Answer
Mgbasa ozi Coinbase ga-abụ ihe na-enweghị ntụpọ, yabụ ụgwọ ọrụ onye ọhụụ ọhụrụ nke ndị omimi mgbe niile rutere n'otu adreesị ọha na eze nwere ike inyocha. Heartwood gbanwere iwu nkwekọrịta (ZIP 213) ka azụmahịa coinbase wee nwee mmepụta Sapling, ikwe ka ndị miners nweta ụgwọ ọrụ ha ozugbo na adres dị iche.
Akụnụba
ZIP 250: Ịkwado nkwalite netwọk Heartwood
ZIP 213: Coinbase echekwara
ZIP 221: FlyClient - Mgbanwe-Layer mgbanwe
Nwelite netwọkụ Heartwood
Lee kwa nke a.
Nwelite netwọk Zcash
Ọdọ Mmiri Ndị E Chebere Echiche Ha Na Ya
Akpa ego
zk-SNARKs
Electric Coin Company
Zcash Foundation
Usoro: Nhazi nke netwọkụ na-emelite. · Nke gara aga: Blossom · Nke ọzọ: Canopy
