Ame ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo xɔxɔ
TL;DR
- Nyatakakawo xɔxɔ le ame ŋutɔ gbɔ, alo PIR, naa mɔ̃ aɖe xɔa nu ɖeka tso server ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe evɔ server la menya nusi wobia o
- Zcash hiã esia elabena ame ŋutɔ ƒe gakotoku mateŋu abia server be asitsatsa kawoe nye eya ŋutɔ tɔ evɔ matsɔ eɖokui ana o
- Egbea gakotokuwo ɖea nyatakaka geɖe wu esiwo hiã la ƒe kɔpi hewɔa wo scan, si nye susu vevi si tae wowɔa ɖeka le blewu ɖo
- PIR ana gakotoku aɖe naxɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo ko le adzame, eye wòaɖe mɔxenu ma ɖa esime adzamenyawo ya nɔa anyi
- Enye numekukuwɔƒe si le dɔ dzi vevie na Zcash, ŋusẽ le eŋu le nukpɔsusu me, eye wole ewɔm be wòawɔ dɔ na gakotoku ŋutɔŋutɔwo
Ameka tae esia nye
- Amesiame si bia eɖokui be aleke ame ŋutɔ ƒe gakotoku wɔa ye ŋutɔ ƒe gakuwo evɔ wo dometɔ kawo medona le eme o hã
- Ame yeye siwo yia edzi kpɔa PIR si woyɔ kpe ɖe Zcash scaling dɔwɔwɔ ŋu
- Nuxlẽla siwo di be nukpɔsusua gbã eye nya ɣaɣla siwo le ete la di evelia
Kuxi si PIR kpɔa egbɔ na Zcash
Zcash ɣlaa amesiwo ƒe asitsatsa aɖe nye na. Ameŋunyatakaka ma he nyabiase aɖe si mebɔbɔ o vɛ: ne network la mete ŋu kpɔ asitsatsa siwo nye tɔwò o la, aleke wò ŋutɔ wò gakotoku awɔ ake ɖe wo ŋu?
Egbea ŋuɖoɖoa me mekɔ tututu o. Gakotoku mateŋu abia server be asitsatsa kawoe nye tɔnye o, elabena biabia ma aɖe nusi tututu Zcash le agbagba dzem be yeaɣla la afia. Eyata gakotokua ɖea nyatakaka gbogbo aɖewo ɖe kɔpi boŋ eye wòdoa nu ɖesiaɖe kpɔna le teƒea be yeakpɔ nusi nye ye tɔ. Ewɔa dɔ, eye wòkpɔa ame ŋutɔ ƒe nyawo ta, gake ewɔa blewu eye wòlolona. Scanning sia nye susu vevi siwo ta gakotoku ƒe syncing ate ŋu ase le eɖokui me be kuviawɔwɔ le la dometɔ ɖeka.
Nu nyuitɔ anye mɔ si dzi gakotoku aɖe ato abia tso server aɖe si be wòana eya ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo pɛpɛpɛ, eye wòaxɔe, evɔ server la masrɔ̃ nusi wobia la gbeɖe o. Nu ma tututue ame ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo xɔxɔ nana.
Nusi PIR nye
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo xɔxɔ nye nya ɣaɣlawo xɔxɔ ƒe mɔnu si naa asisi xlẽa nya ɖeka tso server ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe evɔ meɖea nya si wòxlẽ la fiana server la o.
Bu agbalẽdzraɖoƒe aɖe si me nàte ŋu axɔ agbalẽ si tututu nèdi le, gake agbalẽdzraɖoƒedzikpɔla la menya agbalẽ si wotsɔ de asi na wò gbeɖe o. Èxɔa wò nu, eye wò ɖetsɔleme nɔa ame ŋutɔ gbɔ. PIR nye susu ma ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe tɔtrɔ, si wozãna ɖe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ɖesiaɖe ŋu.
Wosrɔ̃ nu tso nukpɔsusua ŋu le nya ɣaɣlawo me ƒe bla nanewoe nye sia. Chor, Goldreich, Kushilevitz, kple Sudan ye to esia vɛ zi gbãtɔ le ƒe 1995 me, amesiwo ƒo nu tso server geɖe ƒe mɔnu ŋu, eye server ɖeka ƒe tɔtrɔ gbãtɔ kplɔe ɖo le ƒe 1997 me tso Kushilevitz kple Ostrovsky gbɔ. Menye nane si Zcash to vɛ o, ke boŋ enye agble si woɖo anyi si Zcash le zazãm fifia ɖe kuxi ŋutɔŋutɔ kple dzimesesẽ ŋu.
Alesi PIR wɔa dɔe, le ɖoƒe gbãtɔ
Mɔ gbadza eve li siwo dzi woato atu PIR ɖo, eye vovototoa le vevie.
Gbãtɔ zãa server geɖe. Asitsalawo ɖoa nyabiasea ƒe akpa aɖe ɖe server geɖewo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe, eye wòƒoa woƒe ŋuɖoɖowo nu ƒu ɖe teƒea. Server ɖeka aɖeke mekpɔa nusi sɔ gbɔ be wòasrɔ̃ nusi wobia o. Esia wɔa dɔ nyuie, gake enɔ te ɖe serverawo ƒe nugbeɖoɖo kple wo nɔewo dzi, si ŋu kakaɖedzi le sesẽ le xexe ŋutɔŋutɔ me.
Evelia zãa server ɖeka kple nya ɣaɣlawo zazã si me nunya le tsɔ wu be wòazã akpa vovovowo. Le afisia la, asisi la ɖoa ŋu ɖe dɔwɔnu tɔxɛ aɖe si woyɔna be homomorphic encryption ŋu, eye esiae nye mɔfiame si ŋu viɖe le wu na dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔwo, elabena mehiã na server geɖe siwo mewɔ ɖeka kple wo nɔewo o.
Mɔnu si wozãna: homomorphic encryption
Homomorphic encryption nye nya ɣaɣla ƒomevi aɖe si naa server te ŋu bua akɔnta le nyatakakawo ŋu esime wòle nya ɣaɣla me. Server la wɔa ŋuɖoɖo nyuitɔ si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔe evɔ mekpɔa asixɔxɔ siwo le ete la gbeɖe o.
Susu si le megbe na single-server PIR si wotu aleae nye esi. Asisi la di be yeakpɔ nusi ƒe xexlẽdzesi etɔ̃ le xexlẽdzesi aɖe me. Etua biabia aɖe si le nyateƒe me la, enye ẽ si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔ na nɔƒe etɔ̃lia kple ao si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔ na nɔƒe bubu ɖesiaɖe. Le server gome la, biabia sia nye toɣliɖeɖe si gɔmesese aɖeke mele o ko, mate ŋu anya nɔƒe si lé ẽ la ɖe asi o.
Emegbe dɔwɔƒea ƒoa eƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea nu ƒu kple nyabiase sia si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔe to homomorphic encryption ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo zazã me, eye wòdzia nu ɖesiaɖe si wodzra ɖo ɖe edzi kple ẽ alo ao si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔe si sɔ eye wòtsɔa emetsonuwo kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Nusi dona nye agbalẽvi ɖeka si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔe si me nusi tututu asisi la di le, eye naneke meɖea esi wònye fiana o. Asitsaha la ɖea agbalẽvi ma gɔme eye wòxlẽa eƒe nu. Server la ɖo nyabiasea ŋu evɔ menya nyabiasea gbeɖe o.
Eƒe tɔtrɔ si sesẽ wu, si woyɔna be symmetric PIR, tsɔ kakaɖedzi evelia kpee: nusi wòbia koe asisi la srɔ̃na eye mesrɔ̃a naneke tso nya bubu aɖeke si woŋlɔ ɖe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ŋu o. Ema kpɔa nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ta eye wòkpɔa asisi la hã ta.
Mɔ̃ɖaŋunuxlẽlawo ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu nyuie wu
Wotu egbegbe dɔwɔnu ɖeka ƒe ɖoɖowo ɖe lattice cryptography dzi, zi geɖe la, nusɔsrɔ̃ kple vodadawo ƒe susu. Asitsalawo ƒe biabia nye vector of ciphertexts, encryption of one le target index kple zero le teƒe bubuwo, eye encryption la nye additively homomorphic, eyata server ateŋu atsɔ ciphertexts akpe ɖe eŋu eye wòadzi wo ɖe plaintext database entries dzi evɔ maɖe nya ɣaɣlawo gɔme o.
Server la wɔa nu ɖe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ŋu abe matrix ene, ewɔa tiatia vektor si wotsɔ nya ɣaɣlawo ŋlɔ la ŋudɔ, eye wòtrɔa nya ɣaɣla ɖeka si ɖea nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ɖe fli si wodi la gbɔ. Esi wònye be womate ŋu ade vovototo biabia la kple toɣliɖeɖe si wowɔna le vome dome o ta la, nyatakaka aɖeke mekpɔa server la tso index la ŋu o.
Ŋutinya me mɔxenua nye gazazã ɣesiaɣi. Le bometsitsi me la, ele be server la naka asi nya ɖesiaɖe si woŋlɔ ɖe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ŋu na biabia ɖesiaɖe, si xɔ asi le akɔntabubu me, eye ciphertexts lolo, si xɔ asi le bandwidth me. Numekuku siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa dze esia dzi kple dɔwɔwɔ do ŋgɔ, ɖoɖowo abe SimplePIR kple FrodoPIR na be dɔwɔƒea dzraa nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ɖo do ŋgɔ eye wòtsɔa aɖaŋuɖoɖo sue aɖe dea asi na asisi ɖesiaɖe, si tua dɔa ƒe akpa gãtɔ ɖe akpa si mele internet dzi o me ale be nyabiase siwo le agbe la nawɔ kabakaba. Viɖe si le akpa aɖe si ŋu viɖe le enye be wobua xɔtuɖoɖo siwo wotu ɖe lattice dzi hã be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe quantum amedzidzedze nu, si sɔ kple Zcash ƒe afɔɖeɖe si keke ta wu yi quantum megbe adzamenyawo gbɔ.
PIR le Zcash me
PIR nye agbagbadzedze be woana Zcash nanye ame ŋutɔ tɔ eye wòawɔ dɔ kabakaba le agbɔsɔsɔ me ƒe akpa aɖe.
Gakotoku me scanning bottleneck si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe va yi ye nye taɖodzinu. Dɔwɔwɔ le Valar Ƒuƒoƒoa me le ame ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo xɔxɔ ƒe mɔnuwo tom vɛ ale be gakotoku nate ŋu axɔ eya ŋutɔ ƒe nyatakakawo tso dɔwɔƒe aɖe evɔ dɔwɔƒea masrɔ̃ nya siwo wobia tso esi o. Dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ ɖeka le nullifiers me dzrom le adzame. Nullifier nye dzesi tɔxɛ aɖe si wotaa ne wozã nuŋlɔɖi aɖe, si wɔnɛ be womegazãa ga ɖeka ma ke zi eve o. Zi geɖe la, ehiãna be gakotoku nakpɔe ɖa be nullifier aɖe si wona la do haɖe hã, ne míagblɔe bubui la, ne womezã nuŋlɔɖi aɖe haɖe o, eye ema wɔwɔ to server dzi egbea ate ŋu ado go le nuŋlɔɖi si ŋu wole biabiam tsoe. Nyatakakawo xɔxɔ le ame ŋutɔ gbɔ nana gakotokua biaa nya ma evɔ meɖea nullifier si ŋu wòtsɔ ɖe le la fiana o. Esia bɔbɔ nɔ scaling dɔ bubuwo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Project Tachyon kple node software yeye, si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be woaɖe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe seɖoƒe siwo xea mɔ na ame ŋutɔ ƒe gakotokuwo egbea la ɖa.
Ele vevie be woaɖi anukware le fefewɔƒea ŋu. Esia nye numekuku kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔwɔ vevie, ke menye nusi wowu enu, si woɖo ɖe amewo o. Woɖo nukpɔsusua anyi nyuie eye woɖo mɔfiame la, gake PIR wɔwɔ wòawɔ dɔ nyuie ale gbegbe na gbesiagbe gakotokuwo le mɔ̃ dzrowo dzi nye akpa sesẽ si tututu ŋu wole dɔ wɔm le fifia.
Nukpɔsusu totro siwo bɔ
- PIR ɣlaa nusi nèbia, meɣlae kokoko be èdo ka kple server la kura o, network-level metadata nye nusi ŋu nètsi dzi ɖo le vovo
- PIR menye Zcash ɖeɖeko tɔ o, enye cryptographic dɔwɔnu si wozãna le xexeame katã si Zcash le zazãm ɖe gakotoku ƒe adzamenyawo ŋu
- Nuwɔwɔ ɖekae kabakaba tso PIR gbɔ nye taɖodzinu si le edzi yim, ke menye nɔnɔme si le gakotokuwo me xoxo o
- Nusianu ƒe kɔpi wɔwɔ kple scanning le nutoa me, mɔnu si li fifia, nye ame ŋutɔ tɔ gake blewu, PIR ɖoe be yealé adzamenyawo ɖe te esime wòle blewu la ɖem ɖa
Axa siwo do ƒome kplii
