Mɔfialawo:

Zero Knowledge kple Decoy ƒe Nɔnɔme Wo

"Cryptocurrency ɖe wò ga zãzãwo katã fia amewo be woakpɔ, elabena enye abe Twitter le wò Bank konto ŋu ene eye esia nye nuxaxa gã aɖe si wòle be woaɖɔe to ɣaɣla [privacy] le ɖoɖonu dzi ƒe wɔwɔ me." - Ian Miers le Devcon4.

Crypto dɔwɔwɔ aɖewo nyo ɖe amewo me le woƒe ɣaɣla-centered mɔnuwo ta. Zcash nye nusi wòwɔa Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZK) be wòana gaɖoɖo [transaction] ƒe asɔŋwo kple gaɖoƒe ƒe dzesiwo nanɔ ɣaɣla me. Monero nye nusi dze ŋgɔ le Decoy-based amedzro ƒe ɣaɣlatsɔtsɔ kple ɣaɣlaŋlɔŋlɔ [encryption] ƒe mɔnu bubuwo ƒe zãzã me, be wòawɔ be zãlawo ƒe ɣaɣla nanɔ gaɖoɖowo ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ɖoɖonu [blockchain] dzi.

ZK ƒe Ɖaseɖigbalɛwo kple Decoy ƒe Nɔnɔme Wo Ƒe Gɔmesese

Zero Knowledge Proofs nye cryptographic nɔnɔme siwo na ame aɖe (ɖasefiaŋlɔla) ƒe mɔnu be wòaɖe nyateƒe ƒe nyaa ƒe vavã afia ame bubu (kpekpeɖeŋuŋlɔla), ke menye be wòaɖe nyatakaka aɖeke si le nya la ŋutɔ ƒe te afia o. Le Zcash ƒe nɔnɔme me la, wo zãa ZK ƒe ɖaseɖigbalɛ [proof]wo be woakpe ɖe gaɖoɖo ƒe vavã ŋu, menye be woaɖe gaɖoɖo ƒe nyatakaka, abe DƆLILA, XƆLA alo gaɖoɖo ƒe GA ƒe NENEME ene, afia o.

Esia nana be zãla ƒe ɣaɣla nanɔ anyi, elabena gaɖoɖo la nɔa ɣaɣla me hã, eye woakpe ɖe eƒe vavã ŋu hã. Woɖo technology sia be wòaɖe gaƒe gaɖoɖowo ƒe ɣaɣla ŋu le Zcash network dzi.

Le Decoy-based nɔnɔme siwo le abe RingCT ene la, woaɖea gaɖoɖo geɖe kple wo nɔewo, eyata sesẽ be ame aɖe akpɔ gaƒe ƒe dzeƒe kple afi si wòyi la. Algorithm la tsɔa decoy ƒe geɖewo kple dodoƒewo kpe ɖe gaɖoɖowo ŋu, eye wòzãa gaɖoƒe ƒe dzesiwo si wo zãna abe geɖe ene ƒe ɣaɣlaŋlɔŋlɔ, eye wòzãa Range proofs be wòakpe ɖe eŋu be ga si woɖo la ate ŋu akpɔ zãm.

Mɔnu sia wɔa gaɖoɖo ƒe mɔ la be menya o. Decoy ƒe geɖewo ƒe zãzã wɔa be wòasesẽ na ame aɖeke si le gaɖoɖowo ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ɖoɖonu la dzrom be wòanya dɔlila vavã, xɔla, alo gaɖoɖo ƒe ga neneme la.

Nya Vevi: Ɖoɖonu dzi ƒe gaɖoɖo si kpɔ ɣaɣla la ƒe mɔnu sia gale fiaa geɖe siwo woɣa ɣi (woŋlɔ ɣa) le zãla katã ƒe gaɖoɖowo me. Metadata abe GAƉOƉOWO ƑE YIYI le zãlawo dome le network la dzi la ate ŋu woaƒo nu ƒu hã. Ne futɔ aɖe le gaɖoɖowo wɔm le network la dzi actively la, ekema wòwɔa be zãla bubuwo ƒe decoy ƒe geɖewo ƒe ame-manyamanya nanɔ anyi o.

ZK Ƒe Nyonyo Le Decoy Ƒe Nɔnɔme Wo Ŋu

Zcash kple Monero siaa nye cryptocurrency siwo ɖo ta ɖe ɣaɣla ŋu, gake wo katã wɔnɛ to mɔ vovovowo dzi.

Nyonyo aɖewo le Zcash ƒe zero-knowledge ƒe ɖaseɖigbalɛwo (ZK) ŋu le Monero ƒe decoy ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu:

Nyatakaka Tɔxɛ Ɣaɣla: Kple Zcash ƒe ZK ƒe ŋutinyaƒu la, zãlawo ate ŋu aɖe gaɖoɖo ƒe nyatakakawo afia ame siwo tututu woatia Xlẽ ECC Blog tso Nyatakaka Tɔxɛ Ɣaɣla ŋu. Le Zcash me la, ɣaɣla [shielded] gaɖoɖowo ƒe nu siwo woŋlɔ ɣa la na amewo be woate ŋu aɖe nyatakaka tso gaɖoɖo aɖe me afia ame siwo woatia. Kpe ɖe eŋu la, woate ŋu atsɔ nukpɔsafui [viewing key] ana be wòaɖe gaɖoɖo katã siwo tso ɣaɣla gaɖoƒe ƒe dzesi aɖe ŋu la afia. Ŋutinya sia na be woate ŋu awɔ seawo ƒe de dzi kple audit, ke network la ƒe ɣaɣla katã makpɔ fu o.

Esi Monero ƒe decoy algorithm (ring signature) kpena ɖe ɣaɣla ŋu hã la, menana nyatakaka tɔxɛ ɣaɣla le mɔ ma ke nu o.

Nukpɔkɔ Ƒe Tiaɖoɖo: Zcash na zãlawo be woatia gaɖoɖo siwo nye nuwo ƒe ʋuʋuɖi [transparent] (menye private o) kple ɣaɣla (private) gaɖoɖowo dome. Esia fia be Zcash na zãlawo ablɔɖe be woakpɔ woƒe ga ƒe nyatakaka ɣaɣla me, alo woaɖe eƒe nuwo ƒe ʋuʋuɖi me eye amewo katã nakpɔe, abe gaɖoɖowo ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ɖoɖonu bubu geɖe ene, abe ale si woɖe gɔme le Zcash official website. Ɣaɣla si wòle be zãla naɖo tae ɖokuiwɔe sia na ablɔɖe gã kple business/organizational zã nyawo [use case] siwo dze egbe, elabena gaɖoɖo aɖewo hia ɣaɣla sue be amewo nakpɔ woaɖoe, ke bubuwo ƒe nyonyo le ɣaɣla gã me.
Ame Manyamanya Ƒe Ƒuƒoƒo: anonymity set si le zero knowledge ƒe ɣaɣla gaƒuƒoƒo [pool]wo me la wɔe tso gaɖoɖo katã siwo va yi ɣeaɖeɣi aɖeke me la. Esia gã wu ɖoɖonu dzi ƒe mɔnu bubu geɖe siwo wɔna be gaɖoɖowo ƒe kadodo manɔ anyi [unlinkable]. Nyaŋlɔɖi: Esia dze gaɖoɖo siwo le ɣaɣla gaƒuƒoƒo ma ke me ko ŋu.

Decoywo ƒe zãzã naa ame manyamanya ƒe ƒuƒoƒo la gãna. Gake mɔnu sia ƒe nɔnɔ blibo katã le zãla vavã siwo le network la dzi ƒe xexlẽme ŋu.

Mɔ̃ Ƒe Ɖoɖo Xexlẽnu Aɖeke Meli O: Zcash ƒe Sprout kple Sapling ƒe ɖoɖo zãa ame geɖe ƒe computation si woyɔna be "mɔ̃ ƒe ɖoɖo xexlẽnu [trusted setup] ƒe kpekpe". NU5 ƒe upgrade yeyee ma bia mɔ̃ ɖe zero knowledge circuit ƒe ɖoɖo ƒe nyonyo ŋu o. Xlẽ ECC Blog tso NU5 ŋu.
Nyatakaka Ƒe Ɣaɣla: zk-SNARK technology si wo zãna le Zcash ƒe ɣaɣla gaƒuƒoƒowo me la na dedienɔnɔ gã na zãlawo. Metadata si le ɖoɖonu dzi ƒe fɔfɔ gbɔna sue la fia be zãlawo le dedie tso futɔwo abe hackers alo state ƒe amewo siwo dzɔdɔme le ame ŋu ene la gbɔ.

Woɖo bug geɖe kpɔ le Monero ƒe decoy ƒe tiatia algorithm me. Bug siawo ate ŋu aɖe zãlawo ƒe ga zãzã afia, abe nyatakaka si tso CoinDesk gbɔ ene.

Le nuƒoƒo me la, nusi le vevie ŋutɔe nye be woaɖe zãla ƒe nyatakaka kple data ƒe fɔfɔ ɖa alo woaɖe eƒe fɔfɔ ɖa bliboe, abe ale si Zooko ɖe gɔme le Orchid (priv8) AMA live session me ene.