Zero to Zero Knowledge: Transparent vs Shielded Transactions & Address a Wɔaka abom

Series: Zero to Zero Knowledge

Sɛ woresua Zcash ho ade nea edi kan a wubehu sɛ nnwuma ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: Transparent ne Shielded.

Ɛnnɛ yɛsua wɔn ho ade & yɛkata nneɛma foforɔ a ɛwɔ #Zcash ecosystem no mu baako so, Unified Addresses.

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Transparent vs Shielded Nkitahodi

• Nkitahodi a ɛda adi de t-addresses (Base58 encoded) di dwuma. Biribiara da adi wɔ baguam - te sɛ Bitcoin ara pɛ.
• Shielded Transactions de address ahorow a wɔakyerɛw ama Sapling anaa Orchard pools no di dwuma. Eyinom de adanse a wonni nimdeɛ biara sie nea ɔde kɔmaa, nea ogye, ne sika dodow.

Shielded Transaction kyerɛ asɛm biara a ɛwɔ address a wɔde encoded ama Sapling/Orchard pools.

Wɔayɛ Unified Addresses (UAs) sɛ wɔbɛka nnwuma a wɔabɔ ho ban anaa ɛda adi pefee ayɛ no address baako.

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Address ahorow a ɛwɔ Zcash mu

Address ahorow 3 na wɔde di dwuma:

1. (T) Nneɛma a ɛda adi – Base58
2. (Z) Sapling – Bech32
3. (UA) Unified Address – Bech32m

Nkyerɛwde dodow (na ɛno nti QR koodu kɛse) kɔ soro bere biara a wɔakyerɛw no.

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Sɛnea Address ahorow a Wɔaka abom Yɛ Adwuma

Wɔakyerɛw address ne safoa sɛ baiti ntoatoaso (Raw Encoding). Receiver Encoding ka nsɛm a ɛho hia nyinaa a wɔde bɛfa agyapadeɛ bi a wɔde protocol pɔtee bi bedi dwuma no ho.

Unified Address no raw encoding yɛ encodings (typecode, tenten, addr) a wɔaka abom a ɛfa receivers ho:

• UA: 0x03
• Sapling: 0x02
• Fann: 0x01

Nea ɛho hia: Ɛsɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, address biako a wɔde tua sika a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ UA biara mu. (Sprout address ahorow bio wɔ Canopy upgrade no akyi.)

Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi mũ: ZIP-316: Address ahorow a Wɔaka abom

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Mfaso a Ɛwɔ Address ahorow a Wɔaka abom so

• Ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma exchanges - Seesei wobetumi aboa shielded deposits/withdrawals a ahobammɔ wom.
• Future-proof - Wobetumi de atare foforo a wɔabɔ ho ban aka ho a wɔremmu sika kotoku.
• Shielded-by-Default - Anyɛ yiye koraa no, UA biara kura address biako a wɔabɔ ho ban, enti kokoamsɛm wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa.

Eyi yɛ nsakrae titiriw a ɛreboa ZEC pii dedaw ma wɔatu akɔ ɔtare a wɔabɔ ho ban no mu.

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Orchard Nkitahodi & Nneyɛe

Orchard de adwene foforo bi a wɔfrɛ no Actions bae:

• Wɔtew metadata a ɛretu so denam anchor biako a wɔde di dwuma ma Nneyɛe nyinaa wɔ asɛm bi mu no so.
• Wɔka (V4) Spend + Output fields no bom yɛ no value commitment baako.
• Wei ma wotumi yɛ adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ papa wɔ Halo2 adansedi nhyehyɛe no mu.

Daira kyerɛkyerɛ Anchor gyinabea ahorow mu (zcon3):

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Botae a Ɛkari pɛ & Kokoam Nsɛm

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, cross-pool transactions) sika dodow betumi ayɛ nea obi a ofi abɔnten a ɔhwɛ no ahu. Mmom, valueBalanceSapling ne valueBalanceOrchard fa homomorphic commitments di dwuma de kyerɛ sɛ ZEC nyinaa wɔ atare a wɔabɔ ho ban mu na wɔasiw atoro a wɔyɛ no ano.

Kenkan pii: ZIP 209: Bara Out-of-Range Chain Value Pool Kari pɛ

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Nkɔso a Ɛbɛba Daakye

ECC kuw no reyɛ adwuma wɔ RPC akwan foforo so wɔ zcashd (a wɔde besi ananmu z_sendmany) a ɛbɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ahwɛ na wɔagye/apow asɛm bi a wɔahyɛ ho nyansa a egyina ne kokoamsɛm su so.

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Nyansahyɛ a wɔde ma

Saa thread yi mfitiaseɛ no na ɛkyerɛ YWallet, ma transaction plan a ɛkyerɛɛ ansa na woabɔ send. Wɔnhwɛ YWallet so bio na wɔrennyɛ no foforo mma Ironwood, enti entumi nni nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no akyi bio. Paw sika kotoku a wɔahwɛ so yiye fi.. Sika kotoku kratafa mmom, na pɛ nea ɛkyerɛ wo nea asɛm bi bɛda adi ansa na akɔ.

Asɛm kɛse a ɛfa asɛmdi ho kokoamsɛm ho: https://medium.com/@hanh.huynh/

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Mfitiaseɛ Nhama a ZecHub (@ZecHub) https://x.com/ZecHub/status/1628498645627666432

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Wɔboaboaa krataafa yi ano fii mfitiase Zero to Zero Knowledge thread no mu maa ZecHub wiki.