Loading...
Àpilẹ̀kọ yìí jẹ́ àgbéyọ láti inú ìwé ìròyìn BBC. Òpópónà Ẹ̀rí, iwe ti o ni ominira kan ti n ṣakiyesi iṣiro-itọju aṣiri: ZK, FHE, MPC, TEEs, ati idanimọ aifọwọyi. Ti a tẹjade akọkọ bi "Báwo ni Zcash ṣe jìnnà tó lórí ìfẹnukò tí ó yan, àti ohun ti o kù" a ṣe àtúnṣe rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìyọ́ǹda ẹni gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá kan ìwé ìròyìn yìí. Ìpínlẹ̀ Àjọ Zcash #339. Látọwọ́ Stephen Webber.
In Zcash, a viewing key lets an account holder reveal shielded transaction history to a party of their choosing. The keys are live and user-controlled. Builders and policy advocates are still at work on getting them to serve the compliance workflows that could use them.
On August 17 the Zcash Community Grants committee met to consider a proposal called the Shielded Compliance Bridge. Deborah Olaboye, an open-source contributor whose work includes Ethereum's execution-specs repository, had built a proof of concept that ingests a unified full viewing key, scans compact blocks against a testnet indexer, and carries a "compliance reference" in a Zcash memo field linking a shielded transfer to an off-chain Travel Rule record. She asked for a grant to finish it, but the committee declined.
Àwọn ohun tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀: ìjìnlẹ̀ òye was that compliance integrations are shaped by the specific exchange or institution that will use them, that there are no common standards to build against, and that without a partner asking for the tool, adoption was unlikely. The same meeting declined other proposals for similar reasons, one for a "programmable selective disclosure" virtual machine, and a privacy and trust architecture framework, which included a map of US legal issues.
Of course, these decisions are not a sign that nobody wants this. Considered alongside the rest of the year, it is the opposite. Binance made a protocol-level ask in 2024 and had a ZIP within the year. Gemini has run shielded withdrawals under regulatory supervision since 2020. The ecosystem stood up a Washington policy organization in June and an institutional-integration shop in August. What the committee said, in effect, is that the need has not yet been written down as a requirement anyone can build to.
A shielded Zcash address is controlled by a spending key. Derived from it are viewing keys that can read transaction data without being able to move funds. The full viewing key sees incoming and outgoing transactions for the account, the incoming viewing key sees only received funds, and the outgoing viewing key lets a sender reconstruct what they sent. Since ZIP 316 ìyẹn àwọn tó ń gbé nílùú, awọn wọnyi ti wa ni bundled sinu unified wiwo bọtini, ọkan kikun ati ki o kan wọle, lopin si ohun iroyin, ibi ti a akọọlẹ jẹ ipo ninu apamọwọ ká key igi labẹ ZIP 32 Àwọn ojúewé wọ̀nyí:. Aṣayan wiwo kikun ti iṣọkan ṣajọpọ awọn paati fun gbogbo adagun-odo aabo ti akọọlẹ naa lo, ati pe o tun ni bọtini gbangba ṣiṣi silẹ ti iroyin naa, nitorinaa pinpin ọkan n fi ẹwọn lasan han bakanna bi itan ipamọ.
A viewing key is in this sense retroactive. It decrypts the account's entire history from the moment the account was created, and it cannot be withdrawn once shared, short of moving funds to a new account. There is no per-transaction viewing key and no time-bounded one. Josh Swihart, chief executive of ZODL, the company formed this year by the protocol's former ECC engineering team, confirmed this, also mentioning that per-transaction payment disclosure is "not implemented anywhere."
zcashd, ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ àtúnyèwò node, rán méjì RPC ọna šiše, z_getpaymentdisclosure àti pé, z_validatepaymentdisclosure, ti o jẹ ki oluranlowo fi ẹri kan nikan san owo si ẹni kẹta. Awọn ohun elo naa ni: Àkọsílẹ̀ RPC ó máa ń fi àmì ìdánwò hàn wọ́n, tí wọn ò ní lè ṣe é àyàfi bí oníṣẹ́ bá gbé àsíá ìmúniníṣe-ìdánwò kalẹ̀, àti fífín "Ìsọfúnni Ìsanwó Tí a Ṣiṣẹ́ Lórí" sí ZIP. 303, ni a fi àmì sí báyìí, àti ẹni tó máa rọ́pò rẹ̀, ZIP 311 (ì í ì ë ¤), jẹ awoṣe pẹlu ko si imuse ti a so. Awọn ọna naa bo nikan ni ikarahun Sprout, orisun 2016 idaabobo adagun ati pe wọn ko gbooro sii si Sapling tabi Orchard, eyiti o tumọ si awọn adapo ti o gbe gbogbo iṣowo aabo igbalode. zcashd funrararẹ ó ti dé òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. ní July 18, 2026, ìdúró tí a gbero ṣáájú àtúnṣe Ironwood. Kò sí Zebra, òpó àdéhùn ti Zcash Foundation, tàbí Zallet, apamọwọ aṣàṣeyọri náà, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ fun awọn apapo ti o ṣe pataki, ifitonileti-iṣowo kọọkan jẹ ipinnu apẹrẹ.
Ète náà ṣì wà láàyè, ṣùgbọ́n ó jìnnà síbi tó ti rí ní July. ZIP 231, memo ìdìpọ, ni awọn àtẹ ti yoo ṣe yara fun o: Swihart apejuwe memo ìdàkọ bi awọn igbehin ipilẹ fun ohun authenticated reply-to wipe le sise bi ẹri owo sisan, ati ki o da lori Àtẹ. àwọn àdírẹ́sì ìdáhùn tí a fọwọ́ sí, nilo awọn ẹri ti o tobi ju fun aaye memo lọwọlọwọ. Memo ìdìpọ jẹ iyipada ọna kika idunadura, ati awọn ajo marun-un n ṣajọpọ eto naa ni a ṣe iṣeduro lati lo iru iṣẹ yii bi: Ìbò àwọn tó ní owó ẹyọ NU7 gba ni August pe awọn ayipada ọna kika wa jade ti aaye fun NU7 ati ninu aye fun igbesoke lẹhin. Iboju-ọrọ ara rẹ, eyiti o bẹrẹ lati Oṣu Kẹjọ Ọjọ 25 si Oṣu Kẹsan ọjọ 14, fi ifisilẹ silẹ, eto imulo owo sisan, iyatọ bulọọki ati idinku Sprout si awọn oniwun; ifihan ko si lori ibo naa. Ọna agbalagba, ZIP 311, ko nilo iyipada igbọkanle ṣugbọn tun jẹ apẹrẹ pẹlu laisi imuse ati agbegbe Orchard kan.
Nítorí náà ohun tí ó wà lóde òní ni kókó ìwòye tó ní àyè fún àkọọ́lẹ̀, gbogbo rẹ tàbí àwọn onílé nìkan, èyí tí ń ṣiṣẹ́ padà sẹ́yìn, ti kò ṣeé yípadà àti táa pín síbi ìgbésẹ̀ ẹni tó ni àkọọ̣lẹ̀ náà, pẹ̀lú ṣíṣí àṣírí ìṣòfò-ìṣòro léèwọ̀ lórí ìwé ìrìnnà.
Awọn ilana ifitonileti, ni Zcash tabi ibikibi miiran, le wa lori atẹle: Kini a fi han (iwọn). si ẹniti (awọn onigbọwọ) Nigbati ẹbun naa ba n ṣiṣẹ ati bi o ṣe jinna pada ti de (akoko akoko). boya o le yọkuro (ailopin). ati tani o bẹrẹ rẹ, koko-ọrọ data tabi aṣẹ kan (ibẹrẹ).
Compliance regimes are requirements over those, and architectures are positions on them. Zcash's viewing keys are by design broad scope, holder-chosen grantee, fully retroactive, irrevocable, user-initiated. The requirement side, as it is applied by exchanges and supervisors, tends to be scoped to a relationship or a period, granted to a named institution or its analytics vendor, continuous from onboarding forward, revocable when the relationship ends, and initiated by the institution as a condition of service.
Awọn mejeeji ti awọn nkan yi gba pe yan ifitonileti. ni credential aye, yan ifihan tumo si fifi a subset of abuda lati kan wole igbanilaaye lai fifun iyokù, eyi ti o jẹ ohun ti SD-JWT (ì í ì ë ¤), ISO mdoc ati BBS+ ìmúṣẹ ti wa ni itumọ lati ṣe. awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti ikede jẹ ohun ini, akoko naa ni igbejade akoko, ati olutọju pinnu fun ibaraenisepo kan.
Nínú ayé tí wọ́n ti ń ṣe ìsanwó ààbò, gbólóhùn náà túmọ̀ sí ṣíṣí àwọn data ìṣòwò payá fún ẹgbẹ́ kan tó yàn, níbi tí ẹyọ jẹ́ ìtàn àkọsílẹ̀ àti àkókò ni ìgbàkigbà tí a bá fi kókó sílẹ̀.
Swihart sọ wípé ìbéèrè ìmúṣẹ ìlànà-ìpele tí ẹgbẹ́ onímọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ti rí gbà látọ̀dọ̀ Binance, èyí tó ní kí wọ́n ṣe ìdánilójú àtinúléṣe fún àwọn owó idogo. Ìdáhùn àwùjọ náà ni: ZIP 320 Àwọn ojúewé wọ̀nyí:, adirẹsi orisun-awọn nikan, ati ọrọ ZIP ṣe igbasilẹ ipilẹṣẹ "bi o ti nilo nipasẹ Binance". Aṣayan TEX jẹ ipasẹ ṣiṣi silẹ ni igba diẹ eyiti o dabaa pe paṣipaarọ gba owo lati orisun mimọ. O fun paṣiparọ ọna pada laisi fifun itan fifiranṣẹ rẹ. Ibugbe kan ti ilana naa ṣe si paṣipò ṣafihan gangan ohun ti paṣiṣẹ beere fun ko si nkan miiran.
Since the Sapling upgrade, Swihart argues, there has been no technical reason for an exchange not to support shielded transactions, because proving is fast, exchange customers are already identified at onboarding, and enhanced due diligence exists for the cases that need it. On that view the span between the machinery and the compliance workflow is not really a missing primitive, but in fact a missing conversation.
Divij Pandya is working the other end of that conversation. He is executive director of Pretty Good Policy for Zcash, the Washington policy organization stood up in June as a continuation of an earlier ECC-led initiative, and his organization's project is to get viewing-key disclosure recognized as an acceptable compliance mechanism in a document a compliance officer can cite. To his knowledge, he said, no regulator has yet engaged with viewing keys as an instrument. PGPZ's scope, naturally, is recognition rather than builder guidance. A tool cannot be specified against a requirement until someone with authority has ruled on the instrument, so recognition is the upstream step. The organization's filings are signed by Paul Brigner as PGPZ's founder and as ZODL's chief policy and regulatory officer, so the policy and engineering efforts share an officer as well as a thesis.
Àkọsílẹ̀ tí wọ́n kọ ní July 21 fún ìgbìmọ̀-ẹgbẹ́ ilé lórí àbójútó FinCEN ṣàpèjúwe Zcash gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tó ni "àwọn agbára ìfúnni àṣàyàn, èyí ti ó jẹ́ kí àwọn oníṣe fi tinútinú pínpín awọn alaye ìṣòwò nípa lílo kókó wíwo pẹlú olùṣirò owó orí tàbí aláṣẹ ìlànà", àti tọka sí ẹrí ìmọ̀ òfo"tí a so pọ̀ mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀ yíyẹyọ láti wo" lati ṣe èsì òtítọ́ pàtó. Ẹsẹ ìwé kan nínú àkọsílẹ FinCEN sọ pé: FINCEN-2026-0101-0050 Àwọn ojúewé tó jápọ̀ mọ́ "FINCEN", sọ, ni Pandya, pe awọn bọtini wiwo ati ifitonileti ti o yan yẹ ki o jẹ awọn ilana ibamu itẹwọgba. Ibeere ṣiṣi wọn fi si olutọsọna naa jẹ ọkan ninu granularity, boya akọọlẹ-iwọn, gbogbo itan iṣafihan to fun "alaye iṣowo ifojusi", tabi boya idahun duro lori ZIP 231.
Titi ti o yanju, ibamu egbe koju a idena wipe kan pseudonymous forum afikọti, strahncryptography, tí a ṣàpèjúwe rẹ̀ nínú ìjíròrò nípa àbá olaboye: wọ́n tẹ̀lé òfin náà délẹ̀délẹ̀, wọn ò sì ní gba ipa ọ̀nà tí a kò mọ láìjẹ́ pé àwọn olùṣètò tàbí ilé iṣẹ́ amòfin ti jẹwọ rẹ̀, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ wípé ìmọ̀-ìpamọ́ yìí dára tó. gbogbo àwòrán ìdásílẹ̀ tí ó bá so àsopọ pẹ̀lú ìṣàmúlò kan fi hàn bí ẹni kẹyìn ṣe ń lọ sí i nìkan ni, àti pé ẹni ìkẹhìn lè jé onípòǹtì fúnra ẹ̀. kókó fífi ojú ríran tún ní irú ààlà bẹ́ẹ̀. ó máa ń sọ ohun tí onítùú àkọsílẹ̀ ṣe fún un, kì í ṣe ibi táwọn alátakò owó gbà wá, èyí ló yẹ kí ìbéèrè inú èsì ìdájọ́ béèrè.
Viewing keys clear the bar wherever the requirement is proof by the data subject of what happened, like provenance of a deposit the depositor chooses to explain, a voluntary audit, a tax filing, a proof that a specific payment was made. Those are user-initiated, retroactive, one-time disclosures. They do not clear the bar where the requirement is continuous monitoring from onboarding forward, sanctions screening against counterparties the account holder does not control, scoping to a period or a relationship, or revocation at offboarding.
Gemini ti gba awọn yiyọ kuro si adirẹsi aabo lati igba Oṣu Kẹsan ọdun 2020, nígbà tí agbẹnusọ kan sọ pé àwọn ìjíròrò tó ń lọ lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn olùṣàkóso, ó fa èyí sí adágún Orchard ní oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2025, àti sí adágún post-Ironwood ní ọjọ́ méjì lẹ́yìn ìṣiṣẹ́ ní oṣù keje ọdún 2026. Ó gba owó ìdókòwò tí a fi ránṣẹ́ láti àwọn àdírẹ́sì ààbò sí àhámọ́ tí ó hàn gbangba. Kraken's Àtòjọ àwọn àdírẹ́sì ìsínwó owó náà: ṣe atilẹyin awọn adirẹsi ZEC ti o ni imọlẹ nikan, Coinbase jẹ bakanna-oṣiṣẹmọran ati pe Binance nilo TEX. Ohun ti ko si paṣipaarọ pataki kan tun nfunni ni aabo abojuto, adiresi idogo ipamọ tabi ṣiṣi iṣẹ eyiti bọtini wiwo alabara yoo lọ sinu.
Awọn ti o wa ni awọn igbero ninu awọn owo-owo oludari itọsọna retroactive funfun yika jẹ diẹ sii ju ọkan ipele isalẹ. tí a ń gbé yẹ̀ wò ní oṣù September yìí. are ZecBooks, a Mac bookkeeping tool that imports a view-only key, classifies notes, and exports a scoped package of rows for an accountant without granting lasting access to the wallet; ZecLedger, a read-only cost-basis and reconciliation tool built around a unified full viewing key, tested against a mainnet wallet; and seer-sync, a chain-sync engine that takes a viewing key so a payment processor or accounting system can observe shielded activity without holding spending keys. None is an exchange workflow, and none has a regulator's attention. Each is the accountant-facing half of the same problem, built by one or two people without a partner asking, and ZecBooks' scoped export is selective disclosure operating at the interface where it is most often needed first: between a shielded user and the person keeping their books.
Àwọn olùgbèrú Zcash ń ṣiṣẹ́ lórí ìṣòro kan tí gbogbo àwọn ẹ̀rọ ìpamọ́ ní.
In Zama's confidential-EVM design, an access control list determines which addresses may request decryption of a ciphertext, and a threshold network of key-management operators performs the decryption on request. That moves the grantee axis from a key the user hands over to a permission a contract records, and makes initiation programmable, since a contract can grant an auditor decryption rights as a condition of use. It does not make disclosure revocable in the sense a compliance officer means, because a ciphertext already decrypted stays decrypted, and it trades a user's key custody for operator honesty as the trust base. Asset-level auditor keys, of the kind in Solana's confidential transfer extension and Avalanche's encrypted ERC design, fix a grantee at the token level in that the issuer or a designated auditor can read balances and transfers for that asset.
Inco ti ṣe atẹjade a àlàfo fún wíwo tí a ti ṣalaye tẹ́lẹ̀, níbi tí wọlé dé bá wà ní àkọsílẹ̀ pàtàkì lásìkò ìṣàdálẹ̀ náà, lòdì sí ọ̀nà àwòran tó ṣeé ṣe láti gbé kalẹ̀ (programmable view access), nígbàtí àwọn ẹtọ wo jẹ ipò àdéhùn èyí tí ó lè di ìfúnni, yípò àti pípín padà lẹ́yìn ìgbà.
Kí ló ń yàtọ̀ kókó àwòran sí ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ iṣẹ́ ìgbọràn?
A view bọtini fi han awọn oniwe-ara akọọlẹ. Sanctions ibojuwo ati ki o lemọlemọfún monitoring beere nipa counterparties, ibi ti owo lori miiran apa ti kọọkan idunadura wá lati, ati pe ni pato alaye kan shielded pool wa si withhold. ko si ọkan sibẹsibẹ fihan a apẹrẹ ti o dahun a counterparty ibeere lai boya a alariwisi ledger tabi a gbẹkẹle kẹta ẹgbẹ.
Ti awọn apoti memo ba de ni igbesoke lẹhin NU7 ati pe apẹrẹ adirẹsi idahun tẹle, "alaye iṣowo ti o fojusi" ninu awọn ifilọlẹ PGPZ di itumọ ọrọ. Iyẹn jẹ o kere ju ilọsiwaju meji lọ kuro, ati idahun ilana naa wa lori akoko iṣakoso kan.
The demand is easily seen by the number of people building toward it. What is missing is a fixed requirement for privacy-preserving disclosure. Zcash is the ecosystem where that decision is being negotiated in the open, by engineers, advocates, builders, an exchange and a grants committee who seem to agree on the destination and are arguing about the order of the steps. It is also being worked by solo developers who started on the accounting layer without waiting for the requirement to be written.
Ìfihan: nkan yi ni a ṣe atilẹyin nipasẹ kan ti o jẹ onigbọwọ. Ìpínlẹ̀ Àjọ ZcashZCG kò ṣe àyẹ̀wò tàbí fọwọ́ sí ìwé yìí kí wọ́n tó tẹ ẹ jáde.
Àwọn ojúewé tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú: ** Àwọn Kókó Ìwòran · Ìfipamọ́ táa fi wé