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Si ŋlɔe : [Abhishek Tiwari]
Le xexeme katã ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si le trɔtrɔ ɣesiaɣi me la, ta yeye aɖe le dzɔm—eye esia do ŋusẽ na amewo be woaɖe ŋku le eŋu. Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) va dzɔ menye abe ŋutinyaŋlɔ̃lawo ko ene o, ke boŋ abe nu si ate ŋu awɔ gakpɔkpɔ ƒe dzedzeƒoƒo ene, eye wodo vovototo ɖe ga ƒe gɔmesese blema la ŋu, eye wɔa ɣaɣla [privacy], amekpɔmewɔwɔ, kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ ŋu fifi.
Bu xexeme aɖe si me gakpɔkpɔ ƒe gaɖoɖowo [transactions] de asiɖeɖe si mate ŋu agbɔ o ɖe digitɔl xexeme me la ŋu, xexeme si CBDCs va kplɔ va—nunana yeye siwo doa laylay na tɔtrɔ gã, ke woɖe dzesi be gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme vɔ̃ aɖe hã ate ŋu ava.
Le digitɔl trɔtrɔ sia ƒe titina la, CBDCs ƒe gɔmesese le, gɔmesese si, ne eɖe dzidzɔ le ame ŋu hã, hea dzesi vɔ̃wo. Bu wò dukɔ ƒe ga si trɔ zu digitɔl xexeme ƒe binary code, afi si Central Bank tsɔ eɖokui wɔ titina le gakpɔkpɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si mekɔ o me. CBDCs megale pepa ga kple kɔsiwo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu ko o, ke boŋ wozu ŋusẽ siwo le nyuie, siwo wɔa etsɔme si me ame ŋutɔ ƒe ɖeɖeɖe kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ ƒe fifiwo le.
Ke mɔzɔzɔ sia me, ame siwo medi le eŋu o le. Esi CBDCs le agbagba be woagbã mɔxewo la, biabia la va: Ɖe woe nye teƒe siwo xɔ ame katã loo, alo Trojan horses siwo gbãa gakpɔkpɔ ƒe ɣaɣla? Ame katã ƒe xɔxɔ ƒe laylay zu nu si ƒe afã eve le, esi gaɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu ado to la ƒe vovototo le tsɔtsɔm, eye wode amewo ɖe digitɔl kekeli me.
Esi míele zɔzɔ le digitɔl anyigba sia dzi la, CBDCs aɖewo ɖea nunya menye ko o, ke boŋ woɖea Pandora ƒe aɖaka si me nu vɔ̃wo le hã. Wɔate ŋu awɔ contractwo, awɔ gakpɔkpɔ ƒe gaɖoɖowo le eɖokui si, eye woawɔ ɖe programmable money ƒe ha dzi. Biabia la va: Ɖe esia nye ŋgɔyiyi ƒe kekeli loo, alo dzodzo vɔ̃ aɖe yi gakpɔkpɔ ƒe anyigba si womanya o me?
Ke abe mɔzɔzɔ gã siawo katã ene la, kuxiwo sɔ gbɔ, eye vovototo siwo CBDCs wɔ la zu gã wu. Gaɖoɖowo ƒe ƒoɖoɖo kɔkɔe amea ɣaɣla ƒe gɔmesese vevie. Esi gaɖoɖowo zu nu si woate ŋu ado to la, gakpɔkpɔ ƒe amekpɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi yeye va, eye amewo zu ame siwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋkudɔdɔ si mewobia o.
Le cyber security ƒe anyigba me la, hero si womanya o zu ŋutinyaŋlɔ̃la si medi o. CBDCs ƒe gbɔgbɔkpɔkpɔ ŋu cyber ameaƒuwo zu míaƒe nya si míele gblɔm ƒe akpa aɖe. Esi míede asi digitɔl mɔzɔzɔ sia ŋu la, nu siwo le dzodzo me la xɔ asi, eye ame ŋutɔ ƒe data ƒe kpɔkpɔ zu nu vevietɔ.
Eye blema bank ƒe ɖoɖowo ya? Nɔnɔme si míenya le ƒe geɖewo me la kpɔ dzedzeƒoƒo siwo ate ŋu ava, eye blema bankwo ƒe gɔmeɖoƒewo le yiyi esi CBDCs va. Esi Central Banks zu fexexe [payment] subɔsubɔ ƒe providerwo ƒe asitɔtɔtɔwo la, bankwo ate ŋu abɔ woƒe gaɖeɖe. Nenema kee, investment ƒe mɔ yeyeaɖe ate ŋu ana amesiwo ƒe depositwo bia geɖe o. Le eƒe teƒe me la, esia ate ŋu aɖe bank ƒe gadada na xexeme katã ƒe ekonomia kple ekonomi ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe. Egblẽ be nye ahatsotso le innovation kple gakpɔkpɔ ƒe madeɖeanyi ƒe vɔvɔ̃ dome, afi si nu si ava me nya o haɖe.
HRF ƒe Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker si woɖe gɔme fifi la ɖea dukɔ sia dukɔ si le afɔɖeɖe ɖe CBDC ŋu fia, eye wotsɔ mɔƒe aɖe kplɔa esiawo ɖe dukɔ ma ƒe ame ƒe gomekpɔkpɔ kple dzikpɔkpɔ vɔ̃ ƒe nyawo ŋu. Esi HRF wɔ tracker la, wokpɔe be "diktatɔr dutoƒewo le kplɔm le CBDC ɖeɖe dzi." HRF bua be ame 3.7 billion – xexeme ame ƒe 46% – le diktatɔr dutoƒewo te siwo le CBDCs ƒe dodokpɔ wɔm.
CBDCs le gbɔgbɔkpɔkpɔ me na elektrik ƒe tɔtɔ kple internet ƒe kadodo si mesɔ o
CBDCs ƒe wɔwɔ zu míaƒe hero ƒe dɔ, mɔzɔzɔ si me tekniki, sewo, kple nuwo ƒe ɖoɖo ƒe kuxiwo le. Yɔyɔ be woawɔ digitɔl ga menye innovation ko o, ke boŋ ate ŋu anye dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ kple amegbegblẽ ƒe kɔkɔe ɖe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo me.
China: Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP)
Le China ƒe mɔwo si me ŋudzedze le la, Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) meɖe eɖokui fia abe nukunu ene o, ke boŋ abe amedzrome ƒe kpɔkpɔ ƒe nyagblɔɖila, si wɔa gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vovototo siwo wɔnɔ ŋu. Ŋkeke sia ŋkeke ƒe gaɖoɖowo kpɔ agbe, esi programmable money kple offline ŋutete ƒe dzidzɔ le.
Nɔnɔmewo: DCEP wu digitɔl teƒenɔla nyenyui, esi wowɔe be wòawɔ ŋkeke sia ŋkeke ƒe gaɖoɖowo bliboe. Ke hã, amekpɔmewɔwɔ si sɔ gbɔ ƒe vovototo wɔa ɣaɣla ƒe fifi. Ahatsotso si le teknɔlɔdzi ŋgɔyiyi kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe katãtɔwo dome zu nu si wòhiã be woakpɔ ɖe eŋu, eye wòɖe etsɔme aɖe ƒe dzesi fia afi si woasa ame ŋutɔ ƒe ablɔɖe le.
Nya Si Ɖe Va Yi: China ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nu meɣeɣe kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ le bank me ƒe ŋutinya nye avɔdzi si le nyagblɔɖila sia ƒe megbe. DCEP ƒe ŋutete be wòasi dutoƒe ƒe asi yi ame ŋutɔ ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe gaɖoɖowo me na fifi bubu aɖe, esi dukɔ sia ƒe nɔnɔme tsɔe fia be wodea ame siwo ƒe nya medze wo ŋu o ƒe nu, eye wogbãa ame ŋutɔ ƒe ablɔɖewo.
United States: Digital Dollar Project
Le United States ƒe anyigbawo siwo me dzidzɔ mele o la, Digital Dollar Project meɖe eɖokui fia abe ŋgɔyiyi ƒe kekeli ene o, ke boŋ abe kɔkɔe kple ame katã ƒe xɔxɔ ƒe ɖase, togbɔ be makanyɔnyɔ aɖewo le eŋu hã. Esi nye private-sector ƒe dɔaɖe la, wòdi be yeatrɔ gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme, le nyagblɔɖila si me company ƒe kpɔkpɔ ƒe vovototo le.
Nɔnɔmewo: Kɔkɔe kple ame katã ƒe xɔxɔ le titina le nyagblɔɖila sia me, ke sewo ƒe kuxi kple data ƒe dedienyenye ƒe vovototo le tsɔtsɔm, eye wòna ame mekpɔa ɖe project la ƒe ŋutete si ana ame ŋutɔ ƒe ablɔɖewo la ŋu o. Sewo ƒe dzeɖoɖo ƒe gbedasiwo siwo le edzim le dea dzesi ɖe nyagblɔɖila la ŋu, ke nu si ava me nya o le nya si me makanyɔnyɔ le.
Nya Si Ɖe Va Yi: U.S. ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe sewo ƒe nya le toɔ, esi woɖea nya ɣesiaɣi tso ɣaɣla kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ ŋu. Digital Dollar Project ƒe dzidzedze le kpɔɖeŋu siwo woɖo kɔkɔe to se ƒe ɖoɖo si ɖe ŋu nyuie dzi, nu si le wɔm abe wòle to vɔ̃ geɖe le xexeme si companywo kpɔna me.
Sweden: E-Krona
Esi míele zɔzɔ le Sweden ƒe anyigbawo si me ame aɖeke mele o la, E-Krona ɖe eɖokui fia abe nyagblɔɖila si ƒe ŋusẽ nye be wòatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔme ŋu ene, ke menye gakpɔkpɔ ƒe kuxiwo manɔ eŋu o. Enye digitɔl tɔtrɔ si tsɔe ɖe ga ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ ɖe asi le amedzro si me cash mele o me, eye wòfia amedzro si me pepa ga ƒe dzidzɔ si míenya mele o.
Nɔnɔmewo: E-Krona ƒe kekeli le mɔkpɔkpɔ ŋu, eye wòdi be yeanye mɔ si ate ŋu anɔ anyi ɖe pepa ga teƒe le xexeme si me ame ƒe ŋkɔ maɖe fia le sue me. Ke kuxiwo va, vevietɔ le du suewo me, eye ɣaɣla ƒe fifiwo gale, eye wòtsɔ viviti ɖe ame ŋutɔ ƒe ablɔɖewo ƒe bubu si ate ŋu ava la ŋu.
Nya Si Ɖe Va Yi: Sweden ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe innovation ƒe nɔnɔme si ɖe va yi la ƒe vovototo le digitɔl ga ƒe tsɔtsɔ de ɖoɖo siwo le xoxo me ƒe kuxiwo ta. Ahatsotso si le ŋgɔyiyi kple kpɔkpɔ dome zu ŋusẽ gɔmeɖeɖe le nyagblɔɖila si me vovototo le.
European Union: Eurozone CBDC
Míaƒe mɔzɔzɔ va yi nu le dukɔ geɖewo ƒe mosaic si wɔ European Union me, afi si Eurozone CBDC medi be yeakpe ɖe pepa ga ŋu o, ke boŋ yeawɔ mɔ si me kpɔkpɔ kple dzɔdzɔe le gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si me kekeli mele o.
Nɔnɔmewo: Eurozone CBDC ƒe nyagblɔɖila tso pepa ga ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu, dukɔwo dome fexexe ƒe nyonyo, kple gakpɔkpɔ ƒe innovation ƒe ɖeɖe dzi—nɔnɔmewo siwo ɖoa titina kpɔkpɔ ƒe ta vɔ̃ aɖe ɣa. Sewo ƒe dzɔdzɔe zu teƒe vevietɔ, eye wòna amesiwo zazãe la ƒe nɔnɔme nanɔ ɖeka eye wòanɔ dedie, ke woɖea ame ŋutɔ ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe ablɔɖe ɖe teƒe.
Nya Si Ɖe Va Yi: Sewo ƒe nɔnɔme vovotowo le EU ƒe member statewo dome hea kuxiwo na ɖekawɔwɔ si me kuxi mele o, eye wòfia gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si keakpa. Kuxi siawo ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ zu nu vevietɔ na amesiwo zazãe la ƒe nɔnɔme si dedie eye le ɖeka, togbɔ be titina kpɔkpɔ ƒe vovototo le tsɔtsɔ hã.
Dedie Ƒe Akpawoe: Eurozone CBDC ƒe dedienyenye le sewo ƒe kuxiwo ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ nyuie me. Ne wòte ŋu wɔ dzɔdzɔe le EU ƒe member statewo dome la, ate ŋu akpe ɖe amesiwo zazãe la ƒe nɔnɔme si dedie eye le ɖeka ŋu le digitɔl gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme me
Esi míaƒe digitɔl mɔzɔzɔ ƒe didi si le nyateƒe me le ɖeɖe ɖa la, nyagblɔɖila bubu aɖe va—digitɔl saga la ƒe ame ƒe akpa. Ɣaɣla, si nye katãtɔ kɔkɔe tsã, zu ame aɖe le míaƒe nya me, eye wòkpɔ bubu le gaɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu ado to kple amekpɔmewɔwɔ si mewobia o ƒe vɔvɔ̃ ŋkume.
Dutoƒe ƒe amekpɔmewɔwɔ, si nye gɔmesese didi tsã, zu ŋutinyaŋlɔ̃la si ate ŋu ava. CBDC teknɔlɔdzi ƒe zazã vɔ̃ ate ŋu ana dutoƒe nakpɔ amewo ƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe gaɖoɖowo gbɔ akpe ɖe eŋu, nya si ƒe nɔnɔme sɔ kple Orwell ƒe dɔmeɖeɖe vɔ̃wo, siwo amea fexexe ƒe ɣaɣla ƒe katãtɔ.
Gakpɔkpɔ ƒe ame katã ƒe xɔxɔ, si nye mɔkpɔkpɔ ƒe kekeli tsã, kpɔ diskrimination si ate ŋu ava ƒe vovototo. CBDCs ƒe zazã vɔ̃ ate ŋu akplɔ ame aɖewo ko ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ va, eye wòagbã ame katã ƒe dzɔdzɔe kple ame katã ƒe xɔxɔ ƒe gɔmeɖoƒewo. Enye nya ƒe akpa aɖe si doa fexexe ƒe ablɔɖe ƒe gɔmesese ŋu biabia.
Na ame siwo le yiyi ɖe CBDCs ƒe anyigba si womanya o me la, nu siwo woɖo ɖe asi zu miaƒe kompas.
Nu siawo na míakpɔ nɔnɔme si le trɔtrɔ la ƒe akpa aɖe, eye wotsɔ gɔmesese, nunyadɔ, kple digitɔl mɔzɔzɔ ƒe nyawo na mí.
Esi míele kuʋo le tsi si míenya o, si gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vodadawo kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ ƒe va yi do vɔ̃ la me, míaƒe nyagblɔɖila trɔ le mɔ si womede ŋku o dzi. Tso China ƒe mɔwo si me ame sɔ gbɔ va yi Sweden ƒe anyigbawo si le ɖoɖo me, United States ƒe sewo ƒe aʋawɔƒewo, kple European Union ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖeka, digitɔl mɔzɔzɔ nye avɔ si wotsɔ innovation, kuxiwo, kple ame ƒe nyagblɔɖilawo toa.
Ɣaɣla, cyber security, kple gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si le te zu amewo le míaƒe dystopian nya me, eye ɖeka sia ɖeka wɔa dɔ vevie le CBDCs ƒe nyagblɔɖila ƒe wɔwɔ me, le gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vodadawo si ɖe va yi kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ si ate ŋu ava ƒe vovototowo dome. Menye digitɔl tɔtrɔ ƒe mɔzɔzɔ ko o; enye didi na ahatsotso, afi si ŋgɔyiyi kpe ɖe kpɔkpɔ ŋu, eye gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vodadawo si ɖe va yi kple dutoƒe ƒe geɖeɖe me ƒe vovototo le tsɔtsɔ.
Le dystopian mɔzɔzɔ sia me, mina míanɔ nyawo me, míabia biabia siwo nya me, eye míazɔ kple nunya. Esi míele didim le CBDCs ƒe tsi si míenya o, si gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vodadawo si ɖe va yi kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ si ate ŋu ava do vɔ̃ me la, mina míaƒe katãtɔwo, ɣaɣla, kple gakpɔkpɔ ƒe nɔnɔme nanɔ dedie eye nanɔ ŋusẽ. Etsɔme nye digitɔl—mina míade asi mɔzɔzɔ sia ŋu kple susu si ʋu, dzi si nye nunya, kple ŋku si kpɔa gakpɔkpɔ ƒe vodadawo si ɖe va yi kple dutoƒe ƒe asitɔtɔ ƒe vovototowo me nyuie, siwo ate ŋu ameaça míaƒe gakpɔkpɔ ƒe ablɔɖe.